New Paphos is eight miles westwards of Old Paphos, which was destroyed by an earthquake in the 12th century BC, It was founded in 4th century BC. At first it was only a small village but with the decline of Salamis it became the capital of western Cyprus. When St. Paul brought the message of Christ to Cyprus (45 AD) he was lashed and imprisoned in Paphos. The city was destroyed twice; first by a 1st century earthquake, and then in the 7th century by Arab raiders.

In the reign of the Lusignans (13th century) Paphos became a bishopric seat, but this did not prevent its people from leaving their town to seek more attractive dwellings in the neighbouring hills. Thus Ktima gradually replaced Paphos as the main regional centre. Today Ktima is practically incorporated into Paphos itself. This is where the city administration is now located. The Leoforos Apostolou Pavlou (St. Paul) Ave. connects Ktima with New Paphos (or Lower Paphos). This is where the town's best hotels and residences, tourist beaches and archaeological sites are located.